Queen Elizabeth 1 essays

Sovereign Elizabeth 1 papers Elizabeth I was the sovereign of England from 1558 to 1603. During this time she rolled out numerous extraordinary improvements for England. She never wedded and managed England by her self. Numerous individuals view her as the best sovereign in England ever. The individuals of England had incredible regard for her and she had regard for the individuals. Elizabeth I was conceived at Greenwich Palace on September 7, 1533. She was the little girl of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn the second of his six spouses. Before Elizabeth contacted her third birthday celebration her mom was decapitated on charges of infidelity and treachery. Ruler Henry gave little consideration to her and moved Elizabeth to a house in the nation. Elizabeth was given brilliant coaches and cherished learning. She figured out how to communicate in five distinct dialects including Greek, Latin, French, and Italian. One of her mentors wrote,Her diligence is equivalent to that of a man, and her memory long keeps what it rapidly gets. She talks French and Italian just as she does English. At the point when she composes Greek and Latin, nothing is more delightful than her penmanship. She enchants as much in music as she is able in it. Lord Henrys third spouse, Jane Seymour, brought forth Edward VI. Ruler Henry passed on when Edward was just ten years of age. Elizabeths stepbrother became beneficiary to the seat at age ten. He passed on in 1553 and Elizabeths relative from her dads first marriage, Mary became sovereign. Sovereign Mary doubted Elizabeth, who was next to be sovereign. Elizabeth put forth a valiant effort to stay away from governmental issues while Mary was in power however went under doubt in 1554. Sovereign Mary was a Catholic and Elizabeth was a protestant. A protestant uprising known as Wyatts Rebellion attempted to surpass Queen Mary however fizzled. Sovereign Mary associated Elizabeth with helping plot the uprising. Elizabeth went through two months in prison while and examination was held. No proof of Elizabeth submitting a ... <!

Hot Zone Book vs. Movie Essay Example for Free

Hot Zone Book versus Film Essay †¢In the book, we have Nancy and Jerry, and they are significant characters who manage Ebola. Likewise they are hitched. In the film, Sam and his ex has comparative moves like Nancy and Jerry. They attempt to stop the flare-up of Ebola infection in the monkey house. In the film Sam and his ex is separated and still have issues between them. †¢movie changed Ebola to an Ebola-like infection called Motaba, the states of the two sicknesses end up being comparable †¢The armed force played it safe in the two cases, wearing Level 4 body-suits within the sight of the infection †¢They attempted to contain a town and bomb it, and that made it so dreamlike that it inevitably got hard to pay attention to anything the film says. This made the film anecdotal, and detracted from the danger and peril of this dangerous malady. †¢Robbie and Sam in the film. It made it fairly a sentimental romantic tale †¢Daniels-equal to Jaaxs †¢movie didn’t center around the monkey house by any means †¢The pet store sort of replaced the monkey house in that the host contaminated others at the pet store. †¢both have a lab monkey getting away from its enclosure †¢In the film, the host monkey that was snuck gets free and undermines the lives of human race. In the book, one of the debilitated monkey in Reston escapes from its enclosure and Jerry goes through days attempting to get it †¢similar is the potential tear in the space suits †¢Both Sammy Daniels and Jerry Jaax share a solid worry over his significant other or ex working with in the hot zone with the infection †¢Finally, the specialists in the book attempted to help the residents as well as could be expected, and in the end wound up leaving the town and the individuals behind. In the film, the town, that had numerous individuals contaminated with the infection, was pulverized by a bomb †¢In film, they get the monkey answerable for everything

Why We Dont Give Each Other a Break Annoyed Peeved The Fundamental Attribution Error Explains It All.

Why We Dont Give Each Other a Break Annoyed Peeved The Fundamental Attribution Error Explains It All. MODERN DAY FAIRYTALEOnce upon a time and from a hazy distance, Rose could hear the alarm ringing. Or was it so? Could it be 5:50 a.m. already?! Thank heavens, its Friday.That bloody nightclub in the open was playing loud music again just across the street. It was past three in the morning when they finished. They had a celebrity guest again or whatever. Rose no longer kept track. She just knew she was losing sleep because of it.Relieved it was Friday at least, she went to take a shower. As she got in, a gust of freezing water poured down on her. Oh, no, Rose, you forgot to turn on the bloody heater again. How could you?! OK, never mind! Just get on with it and hope you dont get sick during the day. And then an even colder realisation â€" its not even Friday today. Its only Thursday!Still not being fully awake, she dressed, took her car keys and left the apartment. Her ears were still ringing from the loud music from across the street last night. As she reached her car, she saw that a n idiot had blocked her!Of course, it was the self-righteous dude who always had to make a stop right there where he blocked two cars simultaneously. But why me?! And why today?! To make matters even worse, I am late!As she reached work, the ever-annoying co-worker and bosss pet started babbling some nonsense about how his old mum made this or that for lunch (as if she cared!).And thats when finally Rose snapped! Words she said, and she said plenty of them. And pleasant they were â€" not.Naturally, she turned out to be the rude, impolite, and impertinent, even a discriminating (?!) you know what and so long and so forth. Not my day definitely!INTRODUCTIONModern-day society has brought about so many complexities we need to face and deal with on a daily basis.There are so many things we are trying to process and understand that we sometimes lose track of what is going on behind the (figurative) curtain.The fact that we get lost in our imagination sometimes leads to certain conclusions which often turn out not to be true.When given certain inputs, and specifically when given an insufficient one, we start creating conclusions which are commonly astray.While passing by a park, you hear a child crying, and you deduce how spoilt it is. What if the child had fallen off a bike a few seconds ago but you didn’t witness the act?Whatever the situation, our brain seems to be programmed to make its own conclusions and choices whether we like it or not and no matter if the original input is complete.Upon being presented or faced with a situation, we inevitably reach a conclusion which somehow seems to be the logical one at the given moment even if we have only seen the tip of the iceberg.Our capacity to make such faulty conclusions is a quality which is characteristic of every human being. Throughout the article, we will try to point out some of the key notions concerning this topic.THE BIRTH OF FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERRORDuring the 1960s, the psychology was already a wel l-established science with multiple disciplines. Much research was made and experiments conducted all with the goal of studying the human mind in detail.Though the field was thriving, many experiments which were conducted then are considered somewhat unethical from the present-day point of view.Hereinafter, we will briefly comment on one of the rather interesting experiments performed during the sixties.Some of the people who were interested in studying the field deeper were the American psychologists, teacher and student, Edward E. Jones and Victor Harris respectively.They were interested in social psychology which deals with how somebody’s presence (real or imaginary) influences somebody else’s thoughts and feelings.To get some specific results in their study, they conducted a bit atypical experiment.The idea behind their experiment was to show how people freely ascribe behaviours to natural disposition and chance directed behaviours to the situation.So, what Jones and Harris did was distributing essays on Fidel Castro (quite an important topic at the time!) that the subjects had to read and then make a conclusion about how much the author likes or dislikes Castro.Since the subjects believed that the authors of the articles wrote, i.e. read, cons or pros based on their own opinions, they rated those with positive comments as supporting Castro and those with negative ones as opposing Castro.However, when subjects were told that the authors randomly received the task to write pros and cons, they still on average claimed that those who wrote pros are “fans” of Fidel Castro.So, the subjects in this experiment almost completely disregarded the situational factor even though they knew the circumstances under which the authors wrote and they projected some internal attribution towards the writers.A few years after Jones and Harriss experiment, another American psychologist, Lee Ross, who was also interested in social psychology, coined the phrase fundamenta l attribution error.In his paper, Ross argued how fundamental attribution error represents the conceptual bedrock for the field of social psychology.WHAT IS THE FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR?Before we shift our focus to the Fundamental Attribution Error, there is another psychological term we need to explain which will help us understand the concept we are dealing with.The point of our current concern is attribution theory.It is a concept developed in the early 20th century which explains how people are prone to attribution, i.e. the process in which the individuals explain the causes of behaviour and events.The explanation models in these processes are also known as the attribution theory.The attribution theory manifests itself as internal and external. The internal type is also known as dispositional attribution.It is a process where we perceive certain internal characteristics as causes of somebody’s behaviour, disregarding the external factor in the process.On the contrary, ex ternal attribution is also called situational attribution. This process refers to interpreting someones behaviour as being caused by the situation that the individual is in, leaving no place for internal influences.So, to simplify, attribution theory states that we have a tendency to explain someone’s behaviour in terms of their personality and disposition (Internal), or in terms of the situation (External). Now that we have got acquainted with the attribution theory, we can move on to fundamental attribution error. So, what may fundamental attribution error be?Fundamental attribution error is a concept in social psychology that explains how people tend to (unjustly) emphasize the agents internal characteristics (character or intention), rather than external factors, in explaining other peoples behaviour, as opposed to interpreting their own actions.This concept is also known as attribution effect or the correspondence bias.To make the concept more understandable we can say that t he fundamental attribution error is the tendency people have to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging the behaviour of other people.This is precisely why the fundamental attribution error explains how we more often so than not prone to judge others harshly while letting ourselves easily off the hook by rationalizing our own unethical behaviour.The notion of how we make the fundamental attribution error about other people but rarely ourselves is a rather interesting one.When  we  do things, we  always  have a good reason. It’s other people we see as faulty.This tendency of ours to rationalize our behaviour while ridiculing and judging someone else’s is best explained as fundamental attribution bias.This is the characteristic recognized in any human being.If you are still having some doubts about terminology, note the keyword in the concept might be the word error. We mentioned already how we unjustly emphasize somebody else’s faulty be haviour.This is precisely why we are erroneous here, in a way of speaking, since we are making a big mistake by making conclusions about the behaviour of others without knowing what they are dealing with currently. HOW DOES FUNDAMENTAL ATTRIBUTION ERROR WORK â€" REAL LIFE EXAMPLESFundamental attribution error is a rather interesting concept we can come across on a daily basis.From art stereotypes to everyday situation, the examples are beyond count.Before we go into some additional examples which are typically encountered, let us go back to our Modern Fairytale from the beginning of the article.1. Rose and the Co-WorkersOur modern hero Rose has been struggling with a rather serious situation. Lack of sleep is a real issue especially taking into consideration the fast way of life people live today.So, this is already a trigger for Rose to be edgy and wanting to be left alone. Additionally, no hot water, realising there is one more day before the weekend additional cause Rose to be ir ritable.The situation was only worsened by getting late to work and being bothered by the irrelevant details of someone domestic life. So, how come that Rose turned out to be the villain in the story?Well, that is quite easy. Rose’s colleagues (and their psychology at work), being fully unaware of the external situation she had been dealing with for days, jumped to a conclusion. This conclusion of theirs was a completely erroneous one.They simply attributed her behaviour to her intrinsic quality of being a bad person.In the process, they disregarded the possibility of an external stimulus causing Rose’s outburst.2. Tom and the ExamsJudged by his classmates, Tom has been struggling with exams for quite some time now. Specifically, the calculus was giving him so much trouble.His classmates also observed that he seems as completely uninterested to finish his graduate studies. What additionally confuses them is the fact that he used to be such a brilliant student and a great friend who managed to stay optimistic no matter what.On the other hand, Tom is genuinely sick and tired of everything. When he goes back to his dorm after class, if he attended it in the first place, he just wants to crawl back in bed and be left alone.His younger sister has eloped with a local junkie, the mother is worried sick, the father is almost unaware of the situation, being sedated half of the time due to a failing kidney.Tom feels like he’s carrying the weight of the world on his shoulders and it’s a heavy burden for a twenty-year-old.This is why his interest in studying has faded. He is giving his best, but he’s just had enough of everything.As we can see, Tom’s friends are not aware of the situation that he has found himself in. They just see what lies on the surface.For them, Tom became lazy and uncaring, even irresponsible since he is disregarding his studies.On the other hand, they are missing the deeper truth, and that is that Tom just can’t handle juggling with so many issues at the same time.Here, Tom’s friends are making a serious mistake (i.e. fundamental attribution error) attributing his failure to pass calculus to his internal quality of being lazy and interested.They are so easily disregarding the possibility that he might be in a rather difficult situation. They judge him, without even thinking that all he needs is their silent but open support in dealing with a stressful situation.3. Kate and the Parents’ AssociationIt was Thursday afternoon and Kate was late for the parents’ association meeting in her daughter’s school.The point of the meeting was to discuss the play children were supposed to perform and the parents were in charge of the costumes.What additionally aggravates the fact that Kate is late is that her daughter is the leading role.Just a few minutes before Kate left for the meeting, her husband came back home from work. He was dead drunk again.Fourth day in a row.Moreover, as he tried to step out of the car, she didn’t know how he was able to drive in the first place, he tripped and fell and got a big bloody bruise across the forehead.It took time until she finally dragged him inside the house, cleaned the wound and put to bed before he upsets the children.And then she had to put on her perfect smile and come up with an excuse as to why she was late.Other parents almost immediately judged Kate as an irresponsible, uncaring, and undeserving mother. How dare she not show up on time to arrange the details for a play in which her daughter is the lead role?!And she comes with some stupid excuse of a flat tire. Didn’t her tire go flat two weeks ago when she was also late for the parents’ association meeting? How irresponsible of her!What the other parents are missing here is the fact how Kate’s life is almost falling apart.She’s contemplating a divorce from an alcoholic, though not (yet) abusive husband, thus becoming a single mother of two working only part-time at a local pizza place. They are making the fundamental attribution error here since they are disregarding the tough life Kate is currently faced with, and not by her choice.They perceive her as an uncaring mother simply because she showed up late, not knowing how she was, in fact, protecting their children from an unpleasant and disappointing situation.4. Fundamental Attribution Error in ArtBesides occurrences in every-day life, fundamental attribution error is also commonly found in art.Specifically, films are a perfect example of how human nature is shown as stereotypical, where bad people do bad things just because they are bad.Take the film Minority Report as an example. In this dystopian sci-fi thriller, the lead character, John Anderton (portrayed by Tom Cruz) becomes the main villain of the story after certain complications in the plotline.As the Precogs forecast, John is supposedly going to kill someone in the near future so the entire PreCrime department is determined to find him.They are only fa miliar with the outcome, but they disregard the reasons behind. They were quick to jump to the conclusion of how Anderton needs to be eliminated as a threat to their society, not seeing the fault in the system.This is how they make the fundamental mistake since the outlining reasons for Anderton’s behaviour were excluded as a possibility.They merely concluded that there has been a shift in his nature and he now needs to be dispensed with since he became a threat to the existing order.Now that we are fully familiar with the concept of the fundamental attribution error, why indeed we do not give each other a break?Why is it that we always find a way to justify own mistakes or wrong behaviour but are so quick to judge others when they display the same behaviour pattern?How come that we need to be forgiven and excused every time we are late for work, while someone else is the irresponsible and immature one?Why do we need to be pitied or understood every time we cut off someone while d riving, and when others do the same they either can’t drive or are rude and inconsiderate?CONCLUSIONThere is a (somewhat) religious saying, Good moves in mysterious ways. For the purpose of this article, allow me to modify the proverb â€" Mind moves and works in mysterious ways.Indeed, no matter how hard we tried to understand how our mind works, there is always something which makes us go back to the beginning.Every time we think how we have (finally) established a pattern of how our brain works, it always surprises us by reacting differently when exposed to the same stimulus as multiple times before, thus breaking the pattern we built.One thing is certain, years will pass and psychologists and other scientists will still be busy studying the human brain.What we have all noticed so far is the fact that our brain inevitably links certain stimuli with (sometimes inadequate) conclusions.This involuntary action of our mind, i.e. the fact that we make wrong conclusions based on insuff icient evidence, is a well-known psychological concept.It is mostly relevant and used in social psychology and is defined as Fundamental Attribution Error, attribution effect or the correspondence bias.The fundamental attribution error explains how biased we are when making conclusions about the behaviours of others and our own behaviours.If we talk about others, it is always their nature that causes their unethical or otherwise wrong and unacceptable behaviour. If we are being inappropriate, or ill-behaved, it is always the set of unfavourable circumstances which determines our actions.It is never our nature!And precisely due to this existing opposition, why is it that we cannot apply the same principle in both cases?How can we be so unwilling to accept our own flaws and defects, and insisting instead how “perfect” we are and it is never our fault?Why do we have to think “Jack is such a jerk” every time he is being impolite, instead of asking whether he needs our help with something?So, since we are so eager to justify ourselves, maybe sometimes we can take a deeper look and see if somebody else is also struggling with a tough situation and offer them help and consolation.When it comes to attacking others and justifying ourselves, it’s as if we are completely different person.A man is a social being, and he needs support and approval from others.So, every now and then, instead of judging someone, maybe we should ask ourselves what happens if we end up in the same situation. It’s not pleasant, isn’t it?Be there one for another. We are not supposed to be alone and to go through life without support and understanding. Do not make the fundamental attribution error by quickly judging somebody’s character when you haven’t walked in their shoes.

Personal Case Study The Australian Blueprint For Career...

Task 1: Personal Case Study Student context As current student’s will be entering into the most volatile job market, in living memory, it is important to consider a number of contexts effecting their learning and career development, in order to achieve greater outcomes. It is important teachers assist students in developing self-awareness regarding interests, aptitudes, abilities and values. (Parsons, 1909) Module 1, suggests educators should provide vocational guidance, sources and types of career information required for effective decisions making. The ‘Australian Blueprint for Career Development’, as noted in Module 4 of the learning activities, is an ideal starting point for educators when considering student career development into their teaching practices. Following the basic guidelines set out in the blueprint, appendix 2, whilst adhering to learning and career development theories, will create a higher success rate for students and improve my capabilities as a teacher. Self-projection monitoring Bandura’s social learning theory suggests that the learning process is a cognitive process, which occurs in a social environment, through observation or direct instruction, regardless of repetition or learning reinforcement. (Bandura, 1999) Thereby suggesting that students can learn values, attitudes and ideas, through the imitation or observations of the values and attitudes of their teachers. Therefore, educators must become explicitly aware of how they projectShow MoreRelatedChallenges of Performance Management in Nursing2788 Words   |  12 Pageshad its specific perspective and focused on one particular issue: quality improvement, performance management, building learning organisations, innovation diffusion, to mention but a few (Chopra et al. 2008). 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Listening, Hearing And Thinking - 2450 Words

INTRODUCTION Listening: People often mistake listening, hearing and thinking as same but actually it is not. Hearing is basically a physiological process whereas listening is a cognitive process. We can say that, that when we choose to attach meaning to a word we call it as listening. Some other definitions of listening are described as â€Å"It is the process of receiving, constructing meaning from and responding to spoken and/or nonverbal messages†. Listening is important as it can be, because it is important for effectively communicating and the reason is that 50 percent or more of our time we spend is spent on only listening. Although most of the people spent a lot more time in learning to read and write. According to research by International Listening Association, we only remember 50 percent of what we hear after 2 minutes and about 20 percent of what we hear after 2 days. Listening is an important (perhaps the most) skill. Several studies have confirmed that listening skills are identified as more important than speaking, writing, or managerial skills. In interpersonal communication, listening with empathy is a skill to be refined. In media professions, asking the right questions and listening carefully to the answers are both essential Types of Listening: Most of our time is spend on listening to others and communicating with them. In order to be a good and effective listener one must consider purpose of listening. Scholars have found out that there are five types ofShow MoreRelatedListening : Listening Across Different Departments Essay1702 Words   |  7 PagesListening Across Different Departments My decision to mindfully listen to two economics classes and one communication class was an attempt to see how different the conversations and thinking were between the two disciplines. 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Ethical Issues with E-Business in Local Authorities in the United Kingdom Free Essays

string(31) " has lead to a drastic change\." Abstract Studies suggest a need for further investigation in the regulation of e-business and use of systems and technologies (using e-business). The Economy of the United Kingdom is divided into two different sectors that is ever changing and fast moving Private Sector where technology and e-business is used and embraces with open arms due to the need of eliminating rivals at times without looking at the ethical issues that this my comprise or raise. The other sector consist of is organizations like Local Authorities who do not use e-Business or technology as much as they do not like the rapid change is technology and the investment in such new technology normally leads to a balancing act where cost/customer satisfaction/staff satisfaction(organizational culture) out ways the benefits. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethical Issues with E-Business in Local Authorities in the United Kingdom or any similar topic only for you Order Now The squeeze that has been applied on the Public Sector (Local Authorities) in the United Kingdom has raised a need for more research to be taken to look at weather Local Authorities would have been better off investing in an Electronic Business system and look at saving money to try and be self sustaining without having to rely heavily on the funds provided by Central Government. This research project proposal look at what are the ethical, privacy or security issues that may ariseThe public have lost faith in the government and local authorities’ capabilities to securely hold and preserve the public’s sensitive information due to the highly publicized loss of sensitive. What policies and procedures are in place to support a local authority looking to implement e-businessHow will these policies and procedures be in co operated in to the local authorities business plan, IS Strategy and IT/IS security policies and procedures. What are the organization culture towards change, using new technology and the uncertainty around the implementation e-business? Background/Introduction The Public sector who relies on government grants and national funding for business, the goals are more customer or service focused and the rights of customers or service users take a lot of presidencies. Normally Public sector organisations like Local Authorities do not use e-Business or technology as much as they do not like the rapid change is technology and the investment in such new technology normally leads to a balancing act where cost/customer satisfaction/staff satisfaction(organisational culture) out ways the benefits. The squeeze that has been applied on the Public Sector (Local Authorities) in the United Kingdom has raised a need for more research to be taken to look at weather Local Authorities would have been better off investing in an Electronic Business system and look at saving money to try and be self sustaining without having to rely heavily on the funds provided by Central Government. If Authorities do take the step and decide to try and use new technologies (e-business), what are the ethical, privacy or security issues that may ariseThe public have lost faith in the government and local authorities’ capabilities to securely hold and preserve the public’s sensitive information due to the highly publicised loss of sensitive information as covered by Mack (2011, New Data Breach Incident at Leicester City Council, Leicester Mercury, 23/03/2011) and also by Raywood (2008, USB stick containing children’s details lost in Leicester, Leicester Mercury, 14/11/2008). Journal Academy for Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues proceedings Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues Research Question What are the ethical and privacy issues in the public sector? Have these issues have resulted in legal and information governance charges or fines? What steps or procedures are in place to eradicate these issues? How can these ethical and privacy issues be resolved? What are the e-business related ethical issues? Does these issue only arise in the public sector or do they arise in the Are these issues the same in the private sector or do they differ and why? Some local authorities use e-business while others do not, are there any specific reasons(Cost, size of authority, relevance, gap in knowledge, legal implications, ethical implications) How do local authorities using e-business respond to any of the ethical issues with e-business? Does local authority have policies and procedures to support the use of e-business systems? Do local authorities feel the risk of ethical, privacy and security issue related to the use of e-business systems out way the financial benefitsIf so why and how? Does local authority front line staff resist this change to technology? Do organizational culture and legal policies hinder the mindset of staff and senior management with in local authorities to change in technology in particular e-business or e- marketing? Literature Review Public Sector working has now totally been changed since the end of 2007 and beginning of 2008, the Global Financial meltdown called the Recession that was caused due to the Big Banking Crisis has lead to a drastic change. You read "Ethical Issues with E-Business in Local Authorities in the United Kingdom" in category "Essay examples" The new Collision Government has started to put the big squeeze on public spending and local authorities have been stretched to the bone to try and save millions. These uncertain times have also in cooperated with the public loss in confidence that local authorities are able to handle the intense pressure of saving money, reducing staff, providing a good service and also abiding by the ethical and legal rules regarding information and personal data especially on e-business systems. The Rapid change in technology with new features being developed at the speed of light, this has resulted in an increased risk in people’s privacy. ‘â€Å"Computer technology is the most powerful and most flexible technology ever devised. For this reason, computing is changing everything – where and how we work, where and how we learn, shop, eat, vote, receive medical care, send free time, make war, make friends, make love†(Rogerson and Bynum 1995, p.iv)’, (Rogerson and Bynum 2004, p.1). Technology has now helped defined how we live our life, majority of people now days spend more time using technology especially the internet. The growth of the internet in the late 1990 and early 2000 has lead to a majority of people shopping online, banking online; e-business has slowly become a part of people’s everyday life. This does raise the issue related to security which can has drastic effects like cyber bullying, hacking, identify theft, using personal information for ones gain and to even promote cyber terrorism as identified by Rogerson and Bynum (2004, p209). Governments do not sell products or services to customers; they perform many functions for their stakeholders. Many of these functions can be enhanced by the use of e-business. Governments also operate businesslike activities; for example buy supplies from vendors and distribute benefit payments of many kinds. Customers (general public) now have the facility to pay their council tax, get a road tax certificate, etc online using e-business. â€Å"The use of electronic commerce (e-business) by governments and government agencies to perform these functions is often called e-government† (Schneider, 2007, vol.7, page 226). There is a legal obligation for businesses that operate on the web must comply with the same laws and regulations that govern the operations of all business. If they do not, they face the same set of penalties – fines, reparation payments, court-imposed dissolution, and even jail time for officers and owners – that any business face. This legal obli gation has been set by The British Computer Society Code of Conduct which states â€Å"You should not misrepresent or withhold information on the performance of products, systems or services, or take advantage of the lack of relevant knowledge or inexperience of others† as listed by Rogerson and Bynum (2004, p194). Clearly, there is scope here for a great deal more research that †¢ Is based on empirical data of surveys done with local authority staff and the general public; †¢ operates with a complex understanding of concerns and barriers for local authorities to use e-business; †¢ Looks specifically at the ways online crime, terrorism and warfare can be reduced and stopped; †¢ involves more work on the culture difference and change between the public and private sector; †¢ Aims not only to describe and explain but also to change ethical and legal policies and procedure for the use of e-business in local authorities within the United Kingdom. Research Methodologies Local Authorities in the United Kingdom have a reluctance to use new technologies; with the current climate where LA’s are looking to reduce their outgoing cost and still tries to maintain services. E-Business is a new way forward, but LA’s are very reluctant to embrace this new technology and way forward. There may be a few ethical issues with use of E-Business within LA’s due to the issue with privacy and other factors that have undermined the image of Local Authorities due to loss of personal data and information of the general public. Methodology: I am look at using a positivism form of the philosophical paradigms where I can gather evidence of formal propositions and quantifiable measures to support my argument regarding the reluctance of local authorities in the United Kingdom to adopt e-business system and the ethical issues that will arise with the use of e-business systems with in local authority. Data Collection: I am look at using a quantitative approach to collect data and comments from three different sets of audiences General Public Councilors, senior managers and staff within Local Authorities that is not using E-Business Councilors, senior managers and staff within Local Authorities that is using E-Business I would look at potential trends, issues, concerns, positives and other comments from the three groups’ l have listed above. Interviews will be my approach with Councilors and Managers to find out more from the people who take the big discussions higher up. A series of surveys designed to look at E-Business will be distributed to staff around the different authorities. A survey will be put to the General Public so I look at collecting quantitative data and also comments regarding E-Business in LA’s, the Ethical Issues this might cause and the concerns from the general public related to these issues. Data Analysis: The qualitative data analysis approach will be used in order to gain more depth and analyze underlying issues of the research question at hand. I have chosen this because quantitative data analysis approach might not necessarily capture the emotion behind the answers. Data Analysis Software Tools: For the analysis of my quantitative data I would use spreadsheets and statistical softwares to create tables, bar charts, pie charts, line graphs, scatter graphs, etc as specified by Oates (2006, chapter 17, page 250 – 253). Spreadsheets (like Microsoft Excel) which are useful for analyses such as frequency distributions, means and cross-tabulations. Spreadsheets are also useful for graphic data from individual variables. Statistical software (like SPSS) which are useful for analyses such as multivariate analysis of variance, factor analysis and cluster analysis. For the analysis of my qualitative data I would use transcript creation, coding, data organization, hyperlink creation, etc as stated by Oates (2006, chapter 18, page 276). Project Plan The most important factor to with a research project is planning and effectively using the time I have to work on the research project. There are 10 useful steps which will help me make sure I am on track to delivering my proposed research project on time as identified by O’Donoghue (2006): Stage 1 – Choosing the project Stage 2 – Initial literature review The literature review will enables me to find out what research has already been undertaken in regards to the Ethical issues with E-Business in Local Authorities in the United Kingdom. An Initial literature review acts as good starting point to help understand and decide the specific area of research you will want to undertake. Stage 3 – Finalizing the research questions Ideally your research questions will emerge from the literature review. Stage 4 – Choosing and developing the methodology At this stage you need to choose the best approach to enable you to answer your research question. Stage 5 – Data collection Collecting the data will be a long process which will end up taking a few months of detailed observation and recording. Stage 8 – Data analysis Data analysis includes the systematic organizing of the data and its presentation in a form that readers of your project can understand. Stage 9 – Drawing conclusions and interpretations It will certainly involve a critical reflection on the conclusions you have drawn and the methods you have used. Stage 10 – Preparing the final thesis The final stage of the project, though, is assembling the final version of the thesis.. The draft project plan attached in Appendix 1; and following the steps listed above has given me more confidence that I can prepare, plan and work to the illustrated timescales to successfully complete the research required. Conclusion This research project proposal illustrates that there is scope for a significant amount of research to be undertaken on this selected topic. I feel this proposal has also identifies a specific gap in the ethical issues with the use of e-business systems. E-Business systems can form the future and the possible solution for local authorities in the United Kingdom as a possible investment to help them bridge the gap at a time of uncertainty and push forward a new way to helping local authorities become more self sustaining. By in cooperating e-business in their present business policies and IS strategy, they can start planning for the future more positively. This proposal has also identified the need to look at the ethical, legal and privacy concerns which local authorities might be taking on with an e-business system. Every new system come along with its advantages and disadvantages, I feel the ethical, legal and privacy issues are the main disadvantages with using an e-business system (the other disadvantages are cost, resources and planning). There many be issues where IS/IT professionals may be unprepared to deal effectively with the ethical issues that arise in the workplace as stated by Bynum and Rogerson (2006, chapter 2, page 39). How to cite Ethical Issues with E-Business in Local Authorities in the United Kingdom, Essay examples

Problem Of Knowledge Management At Singapore †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Problem Of Knowledge Management At Singapore. Answer: Introduction There are such multiple forces in the time of globalization that are completely sweeping all over the world, and all borders across the countries are slowly disappearing. One crucial solution of this transformation is that the competition is becoming fierce day by day. In fact, in the past, there were many non-effective or inefficient organizations that could able to survive because of the national borders (Khilji et al., 2015). The report will discuss in detail about the problem of knowledge management in Singapore. In the middle of introducing major changes, knowledge-based economy, Singapore being a developed country has always believed in building a base for knowledge workforce, specifically in important sectors like manufacturing or service since these sectors contribute the most in development (Khilji et al., 2015). How to capture and retain organizational knowledge in Singapore Singapore is one of the countries which regularly face the economic impact of the population since it is aging. The country is considered as the fastest aging population, and it is also claimed that 1 in 6individual in households will be touching the age of sixty-five years by the year 2020. The country is also expected as one the highest life expectancy in the world which is eighty-four years in comparison to international average life expectancy (Brown et al., 2015). The HR department is considered as the competitive advantage of the country and motivation of old employees to don't stop working has no longer remained an option. Instead, it has become an important part in maintaining the economic vitality of the country. This is why the government of the country has passed the act of re-employment and retirement in 2012, which made sure that old people work way beyond the present statutory retirement (Khatri, 1999). The HR management in the country is facing some challenges but with challenges comes some opportunities as well. Organizations rely on some methods like employment tests or another kind of selection instruments (Khatri, 1999). The commonly used approach to selection was the utilization of many unstructured interviews, but these kinds of interviews are low in number. There is an issue of constant job hopping in the country which can be attributed to major level to poor kind of recruitment as well as a selection process. Also, organizations in the country also neglect major factors of training and development like testing the program, need analysis of training and cost-based analysis (Nithithanatchinnapat and Joshi, 2014). SCAMPER technique for probable solutions The theory of SCAMPER is based on idea generation method which was found on the belief that each aspect is new and it is also an alteration something already presents. The word SCAMPER can be called as an acronym (Colbert et al., 2016). A detailed discussion is given below: Substitute: as the name suggest, a part of HR policies can be selected and replaced with some new policies like recruiting immigrants. Combine: the next stop is the analysis of the problem and combines the problem faced by the organization and think of new recruitment methods so that companies can increase the pool knowledge management employees. Adapt: Adapt with the current trend and Singapore can make use of the current trend of expanding and taking many new talents overseas to increase the pool of knowledge management (Colbert et al., 2016). Modify: the organization in Singapore needs to constantly question about the concept that they can produce to change the problem completely. It will help in pertaining or including a fresh perspective where component are imperative (Colbert et al., 2016). Put to another use: rise in population of old age is a challenge for the country but it can be put them in different other industries where they effectively fix some problems. It is important to understand that an idea can become a great concept when it is executed in a diverse manner (Brown et al., 2015). Eliminate: it is also important to conduct repeated elimination processes and objects, and it slowly constricts the challenge to different functions. Reverse: the organizations in Singapore can also continuously contemplate the product or process and can work in reverse order. It is important to understand that process to reverse or will be based changing the overall direction of the company (Brown et al., 2015). Recommendation To face the current fierce competition, companies require being more flexible by nature as well as responsive to current situations. The fact that when the human factor is managed in an efficient manner is probably the most crucial element in imparting some organizational based flexible culture. Management of many human factors as a main competitive technique falls in the area of strategic HRM. The report has discussed in detail about the state of HRM and knowledge management in Singapore (Al-Hawamdeh, 2003). It has also discussed the challenges faces by the country to retail knowledge-based employees and problems of rising population age which pose a major threat to the country. Most notably, it becomes crucial to understand an important link that exists between human resource and strategy depending on the kind of strategy pursued by the companies. The culture of the organization also impacts the overall status of HR and its overall integration. The overall level of competencies of managers in HR department also impacts the status of HR, and it later links with organizational based strategy. The overall strategy of HR also lacks the impact of many HR based function which can be vertical or a horizontal kind of fit in the situation. All the discussed factors can further affect the status of outsoaring of HR based functions (Al-Hawamdeh, 2003). References Khilji, S.E., Tarique, I. and Schuler, R.S., 2015. Incorporating the macro view in global talent management.Human Resource Management Review,25(3), pp.236-248. Brown, P., Lauder, H. and Sung, J., 2015. Higher education, corporate talent and the stratification of knowledge work in the global labour market.World Yearbook of Education 2015: Elites, Privilege and Excellence: The National and Global Redefinition of Educational Advantage, p.217. Nithithanatchinnapat, B. and Joshi, K.D., 2014, May. Knowledge management and consumerization of information technology: opportunities and challenges. InProceedings of the 52nd ACM conference on Computers and people research(pp. 49-53). ACM. Colbert, A., Yee, N. and George, G., 2016. The digital workforce and the workplace of the future.Academy of Management Journal,59(3), pp.731-739. Kasemsap, K., 2016. The roles of lifelong learning and knowledge management in global higher education.Impact of economic crisis on education and the next-generation workforce, pp.71-100. Khatri, N., 1999. Emerging issues in strategic HRM in Singapore.International Journal of Manpower,20(8), pp.516-529. Al-Hawamdeh, S., 2003.Knowledge management: cultivating knowledge professionals. Elsevier.